A Descriptive Study to assess the Knowledge regarding Cervical Cancer among selected Rural Areas of Gurugram, Haryana

 

Shweta Handa, Poonam Ahlawat, Ms Bharti, Ms Ajay, Ms Renu

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Nursing, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India

 

ABSTRACT:

A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding cervical cancer among selected rural areas of Gurugram, Haryana.The objective is to assess the level of knowledge regarding cervical cancer. To determine the association between knowledge score regarding cervical cancer with selected demographic variables.The present study was conducted in Budhera village Gurugram,Haryana. Hundred women were selected by using convenient sampling technique. Data was collected by using interview technique using structured questionnaire. Gather data analyzed by calculating the mean percentage, standard deviation, chi square, and tables were use to present the finding of the study.  Findings revealed that 36% women were in the age group of 30-40 years. Majority of the women (36%) were illiterate. Most of the women (70%) were married. All (100%) women were belongs to Hindu religion. Majority of the women 59% menarche age was 14-17 years. Majority of women (47%) were having duration of menstruation three to four days. Majority of the women (35%) were having three or more children. Most of the women (67%) were not having previous knowledge about cervical cancer. Most of the women 44% have got the information from the other sources than mass media, textbook and special program.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Cervical cancer begins when healthy cells on the surface of the cervix change and grow out of control, forming a mass called a tumor. A tumor can be cancerous or benign. A cancerous tumor is malignant, meaning it can spread to other parts of the body. A benign tumor means the tumor will not spread. At first, the changes in a cell are abnormal, not cancerous. Researchers believe, however, that some of these abnormal changes are the first step in a series of slow changes that can lead to cancer. Some of the abnormal cells go away without treatment, but others can become cancerous.

 

 

This phase of the disease is called dysplasia, which is an abnormal growth of cells. The abnormal cells, sometimes called precancerous tissue, need to be removed to keep cancer from developing. More than three-fourth of these patients are diagnosed in advanced stages leading to poor prospects of long term survival and cure.¹ Cervical cancer, the third most common cancer among women in the world, was responsible for 275,000 deaths in 2008, 88 per cent of which occurred in developing countries and 159,800 in Asia.² One in every five women in the world suffering from cervical cancer belongs to India which has the largest burden of cervical cancer patients in the world³ Though data from the 20 populations based cancer registries in India indicate a steady decline in cervical cancer incidence rates over the last two decades, it still occupies number two position and the risk of disease is still high.⁴ These registries are predominantly urban and in the rural cancer registry in Barshi the risk of cancer of cervix was considerably high compared to urban Mumbai registry and it accounted for half the cancer burden.⁵

 

Statement of the problem:

A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding cervical cancer among selected rural areas of gurugram, haryana

 

OBJECTIVES:

1    To assess the level of knowledge regarding cervical cancer.

2    To determine the association between knowledge score regarding cervical cancer with selected demographic variables.

 

Operational Definitions:

1    Knowledge- It is defined as the fact or condition of knowing something with familiarity gained through experience or association.

2    Cervical Cancer-It is a type of cancer which form in tissues of the cervix (the organ connecting the uterus and vagina). Cervical cancer is almost always caused by Human Papilloma virus (HPV) infection.

3    Assess- To determine evaluate knowledge regarding cervical cancer among selected rural areas of Gurugram, Haryana.

4    Women- refers to females in the period extending from 21 year of age.

 

METHODOLOGY:

A descriptive study design was adopted for this study. The study was conducted in budhera village in Gurugram, Haryana.    In the present study, sample comprised of married women in budhera village, gurugram. This study includes the women of villages who were present at time of data selection and has given consent to participate in the study. Formal administration approval was obtained from SARPANCH of Budhera, Village.

 

The purpose of the study was explained to every sample, so as to get their full cooperation. Data collection procedure was carried out in the month of January 2019.During this period investigators collected the information from 100 women by using structured questionnaire These samples were taken from Budhera village. The collected data were analyzed.

 

RESULTS:

Table: 1 Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variables of the mothers of toddlers N=50

S. No.	Demographic variables	Frequency	Percentage
1.	AGE OF WOMEN (IN YEARS): a. 20-30 b. 30-40 c. 40-50 d.  50 and above	15 36 23 26	15%  36% 23% 26%
2.	EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: a. Illiterate b. Primary education c. Secondary education d. Graduate and above	36 32 26 6	36% 32% 26% 6%
3.	MARITAL STATUS: a. Married b. Unmarried c. Widow	70 10 20	70% 10% 20%
4.	RELIGION: a. Hindu b. Muslim c. Christian d. Other	100 00 00 00	100% 0% 0% 0%
5.	AGE OF MENARCHE: a. 13-14years b. 14-17years	41 59	41% 59%
6.	DURATION OF MENSTRUATION: a. less than 3 days b. 3-4 days c.5-7 days d. more than 7 days	10 47 34 9	10% 47% 34% 9%
7.	NO. OF CHILDREN: a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 or above	15 19 31 35	15% 19% 31% 35%
8.	PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT CERVICAL CANCER: a. yes b. No	33 67	33% 67%
9.	SOURCE OF INFORMATION a.  Textbook b. Special programmed attended c. Mass media d. Others	18 13 25 44	18% 13% 25% 44%

 

 

Data presented in table 1 revealed that 36% women were in the age group of 30-40 years. Majority of the women (36%) were illiterate. Most of the women (70%) were married. All (100%) women were belongs to Hindu religion. Majority of the women 59% menarche age was 14-17 years. Majority of women (47%) were having duration of menstruation three to four days. Majority of the women (35%) were having three or more children. Most of the women (67%) were not having previous knowledge about cervical cancer. Most of the women 44% have got the information from the other sources than mass media, textbook and special program

 

Table 2: Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Knowledge Score about Cervical Cancer among selected rural areas of Gurugram, Haryana, N=100

Level of Knowledge	Scores Range	Knowledge score
		(n)	%
Poor	0-8	44	44
Moderate	9-16	48	48
Good	17-25	08	08

 

Table 2. revealed that 44% of women had poor knowledge, 48% had moderate knowledge, and 8% had good knowledge of cervical cancer.

 

Figure 1

 

Depicts that 44% women had poor knowledge about cervical cancer, 48% had moderate knowledge about cervical cancer, and 8% had good knowledge about cervical cancer.

 

Table 3: Mean, Median and Standard Deviation of knowledge score about cervical cancer among wome N=100

	Mean	Median	SD
Knowledge score about
Cervical cancer among	10.24	9	3.882
Women

                                                                                                                                                                                                               

Reveals that mean knowledge score is 10.24 approx., median is 9 SD is 3.882 approx. Hence on the basis of total mean knowledge score it inferred that knowledge score about cervical cancer among wome

 

Table 4: Level of association between Mean knowledge score and selected demographic variables. N=100

S. No.	Demographic Variables	Poor	Moderate	Good	P-Value	χ 2 Value
1.	AGE OF WOMEN (in years): a.     20-30 b.     30-40 c.      40-50 d.     50 and above	4 17 10 13	8 18 11 11	3 1 2 2	0.473	5.5621
2.	EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: a.     Illiterate b.     Primary education c.      Secondary education d.     Graduate and above	20 12 1O 2	15 16 15 2	1 4 1 2	0.114	10.2528
3.	MARITAL STATUS: a.     Married b.     Unmarried c.      Widow	34 2 7	34 5 10	2 3 3	0.020	11.6313
4.	RELIGION: a.     Hindu b.     Muslim c.      Christian d.     Others	44 00 00 00	48 00 00 00	08 00 00 00	0.00	200.0
5.	AGE OF MENARCHE: a.     11-13 Years b.     14-17 Years	17 27	21 27	03 05	0.864	0.2922
6.	DURATION OF MENSTURATION: a.      Less than 3 days b.     3-4 days c.      5-7 days d.     More than 7 days	5 21 16 2	4 24 15 5	1 2 3 2	0.576	4.7464
7.	NUMBER OF CHILDREN: a.      0 b.     1 c.      2 d.     3 Or above	3 8 13 20	9 10 17 12	3 1 1 3	0.153	9.367
8.	PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT CERVICAL CANCER: a.     Yes b.     No	13 31	15 33	5 3	0.177	3.4528
9.	SOURCES OF INFORMATION: a.     Textbook b.     Special Program Attended c.     Mass Media d.     Others	3 11 14 17	13 1 9 24	2 1 2 3	0.009	16.9965

 

 

Table No. 4- Shows that level of association between mean knowledge score and selected demographic variables

Majority of the women (36) aged between 30-40 years were having moderate knowledge regarding cervical cancer. Majority of the women (32) who were primary educated were having moderate knowledge regarding cervical cancer. Maximum number of women (70) who were married having moderate knowledge regarding cervical cancer. Maximum number of women (100) belongs to Hindu religion were having moderate knowledge regarding cervical cancer. Most of the women (59) belongs to age of menarche 14-17 years were having moderate knowledge about cervical cancer. Most of the women (47) with duration of menstruation 3-4 days were having moderate knowledge regarding cervical cancer. Most of the women (31) with 2 children were having moderate knowledge about cervical cancer. Most of the women (67) were not having previous knowledge about cervical cancer. Majority of the women (44) gained the information from other sources than textbook, mass media & special program.

 

DISCUSSION:

The present study was to assess the knowledge regarding cervical cancer and effect of unhygienic practices on cervical cancer among women of villages, Gurugram. A qualitative approach was adopted to conduct the present study. The sample was 100 women. The data was collected through structured questionnaire. The descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.

 

CONCLUSION:

The present study assessed the knowledge cervical cancer and effect of unhygienic practices on cervical cancer among women of villages, Gurugram. This study concludes that, there was a significant difference between level of knowledge among women of selected rural areas after the implementation of services provided regarding cervical cancer and assessed by administering questionnaire on various aspect of cervical cancer. In present study the mean knowledge score for samples were and standard deviation were hence the study shows that there is a strong need for such IEC (Informational Education Communication) activities in the selected rural areas of gurugram, Haryana.

 

REFERENCES:

1.      World Health Organization; [Last accessed on 2012 Jan 23]. Globocan Fact Sheets. International Cancer Research. Available from: http://www.globocan.iarc.fr/factsheet.asp#WOMEN. [Ref list]

2.      Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. Estimates of worldwide burden of Cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer 2010; 127: 2893-917. [PUBMED]

3.      Government of India - World Health Organization Collaboration Programme 2004-2005. Guidelines for cervical cancer screening programme; 2006. National Cancer Registry Programme. Three year report of population based cancer registries 2006-2008. New Delhi: ICMR; 2010.

4.      Kasturi J, Bhagwan MN, Rajendra AB, Nandkumar SP, Ranjit VT, Feroz YK. Rural Cancer Registry at Barshi, Maharashtra and its impact on cancer control. Natl Med India 2010; 23: 274-

 

 

 

 

 

Received on 30.09.2019         Modified on 07.10.2019

Accepted on 15.10.2019      ©A&V Publications All right reserved